May
2007 Safety Tip
Heat Stress
Heat-related illnesses aren't just a summer hazard. People exercise in
steamy gyms, wearing heavy clothes in order to sweat more. Even healthy
people should take it easy during extremely high temperatures, and those
with respiratory and other health problems must be especially careful
Know how to recognize the three most common types of heat-related illness: heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps.- Heat cramps are muscular pains and spasms that occur when the body loses electrolytes during profuse sweating or when inadequate electrolytes are taken into the body. They usually begin in the arms, legs or abdomen, and often precede heat exhaustion.
- Heat exhaustion is a medical emergency. When a person is suffering from heat exhaustion, they will perspire profusely and most likely will be pale.
- Heat stroke is the worst heat-related injury. The brain has lost its ability to regulate body temperature. The patient will be hot, reddish and warm to the touch. Their temperature will be markedly high and there will be no perspiration. This is a medical emergency, call 9-1-1
- Heat strokes are the most severe, are can be fatal. Symptoms include a temperature to as high as 105 degrees; hot, red, and dry skin; a rapid, weak pulse; and rapid, shallow breathing.
- As first aid for a heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately. Wrap damp
sheets around the victim and start fanning them. Wrap cold packs in
a cloth and place them on the victim's wrists and ankles, in the armpits
and on the neck.
- Victims of heat exhaustion will have a normal temperature, but will have other symptoms: cool, moist, pale skin; heavy sweating; headache, nausea or vomiting and dizziness.
- For treatment you should: take the patient to a cool place, apply cool compresses, elevate the feet, and give the patient fluids.
- Heat cramps are muscular pains and spasms that result form intense
exertion. Cramps most often attack the abdomen and legs.
- Treatment for heat cramps is to: rest in the shade, get near a fan, spray the person with water, and massage the cramp.
The best ways to prevent a sun stress emergency are:
- Drink water before you're thirsty and drink often.
- Eat a healthy diet.
- Wear a hat or cap, keep the neck covered and wear loose fitting clothing. The greatest amount of heat loss from the body occurs at the head.
- Work in the cool hours of the day or evening whenever possible
